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Amylases --- Enzymes --- Amylases. --- Enzymes. --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Diastase --- Ptyalin --- Catalysts --- Proteins --- Enzymology --- Digestive enzymes --- Glycosidases --- Amylolysis --- Animal Biochemistry
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This volume summarizes our current understanding of the structural basis of the functions of arrestin family of proteins. Arrestins were first discovered as key players in the desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent studies showed that arrestins are important signal transducers in their own right, organizing multi-protein complexes and scaffolding numerous signaling cascades that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic death. Here arrestin functions are described primarily from the structural prospective. The book covers basal structure of arrestin proteins, receptor binding-induced conformational changes in arrestins, as well as the structure of “pre-activated” mutants. Particular focus is on the arrestin elements interacting with numerous binding partners, GPCRs and cytoplasmic signaling proteins. We expect that this information and insights will help to understand and exploit the phenomenon of signaling bias, which is a new promising direction in drug discovery. The chapters are written by the world-class specialists in the field, mostly the people who actually contributed the data discussed. The book gives coherent historical prospective and describes the most recent findings. The book would be particularly useful for scientists in academia and industry working in the fields of pharmacology, cell biology, structural biology, and drug discovery. We expect that the focus on the molecular basis of protein-protein interactions would help to develop novel tools for engaging this important type of targets for research and therapeutic purposes.
Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Proteins. --- Life Sciences. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Protein Science. --- Protein Structure. --- Membrane proteins. --- Arrestins. --- Membrane proteins --- Membranes (Biology) --- Proteins --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics
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This volume contains a section on the wider evolutionary context of venom in animals, the molecular evolutionary processes involved in generating diversity, and the concept of venom evolution as being driven by an arms race that also involves evolution of resistance to toxins by prey. It also studies the relationship between the evolution of toxins and the evolution of the animals that they evolved within. The last section discusses the evolution of venom delivery systems. The definition of a venomous animal, as opposed to a poisonous one, encompasses the evolution not just of toxins but also a specialized mechanism for administering them by injection. .
Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Biochemistry. --- Animal physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Physiology --- Composition --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Technology --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology
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This volume, in its over two dozen chapters, constitutes an overview of the current plant toxin research. It covers from general aspects of plant toxicity to in-depth reviews of various classes of toxins, their structures, synthesis, modes of action, and upcoming uses in biotechnology. It provides an encompassing landscape of plant toxinology for both toxinologists and non-toxinologists alike.
Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Biochemistry. --- Animal physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Animal Physiology. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Physiology --- Composition --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Technology
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This book presents an updated discussion of the chemical composition and biological properties of the main bee products. Specific attention is focused on the beneficial biological activities of bee products in human health. Honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen and bee venom are used as nutriment and in traditional medicine. Their composition is rather variable and depends on the floral source and external factors, such as seasonal, environmental conditions and processing. Bee products are rich in several essential nutrients and non essential nutrients, as sugars, minerals, proteins, free amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and polyphenols, that seem to be closely related to their biological functions. The effects of these products in nutrition, aging and age-related diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and pathogen infections are discussed.
Bee products. --- Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Complementary medicine. --- Biochemistry. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Complementary & Alternative Medicine. --- Animal products --- Toxicology. --- Alternative medicine. --- Complementary medicine --- Healing systems --- Systems, Healing --- Systems, Therapeutic --- Therapeutic systems --- Medicine --- Integrative medicine --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Composition --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect
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This volume deals mainly with the specialized aspect of toxins and drug discovery. Man has been using natural resources especially plants to treat diseases from very early times in history of mankind. Although many drugs derived from plants and microbes have been discovered and being used in clinical practice, not many drugs have been developed from venoms and toxins although many laboratories worldwide are actively working on it. This volume describe some of the recent developments in this research area, such as snake venoms, conotoxins , bioinformatics in drug discovery from peptide toxins.
Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Biochemistry. --- Animal physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Physiology --- Composition --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Technology --- Toxins. --- Natural toxicants --- Toxicants, Natural --- Toxins and antitoxins --- Antigens --- Metabolites --- Poisons --- Antitoxins --- Detoxification (Health)
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Initially, because of the inadequate sensitivity of devices and other limitations, only major venom components of the dominant species were studied. However, in last two decades, increased sensitivity of devices and the development of new techniques, such as transcriptomics and proteomics techniques, have permitted us to analyze the structures and functions of rare species and to identify novel minor components. As a result, the number of venom components identified is increasing dramatically and the physiological functions of each component is more deeply understood. The scope of this book provides the readers an updated and comprehensive presentation on snake venoms. The subjects are divided into six sections, starting with the overview of snake venom compositions in Malaysian species, followed by description of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors contained in snake venoms. Also discussed are the effects of snake venom on cellular receptors, ion channels, blood, and lymph, as well as cytotoxic and antimicrobial molecules present in snake venoms. The last section covers the clinical consequences of envenomation and the management of snakebites using antivenins.
Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Animal physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Physiology --- Composition --- Toxicology. --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Science --- Technology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology
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This book provides essential insights into improving protein folding/stability, which is a result of the balance between the intra-molecular interactions of protein functional groups and their interactions with the solvent environment. Even a subtle change in the composition of the solvent environment will alter the fidelity of the protein folding process, and hostile environmental stresses represent one of the basic causes of challenges in protein folding or misfolding. Among the strategies employed in a wide range of species and cell types to circumvent the hostile environmental conditions is the elaboration of small organic molecules called osmolytes, and recent advances have revealed that certain specific osmolytes might be key biomarkers of cancer, infectious diseases and are useful in heterologous protein expression and vaccine flocculation. As such a large pool of data has been collected regarding their potential for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases and other metabolic disorders caused by protein aggregation or proteiostasis failure.
Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biochemistry. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Proteins. --- Cell physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Cell Physiology. --- Protein-Ligand Interactions. --- Cancer Research. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Molecular chaperones. --- Chaperone proteins --- Chaperones, Molecular --- Chaperonins --- Proteins --- RNA-ligand interactions. --- Oncology. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Tumors --- Cell function --- Cytology --- Physiology --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Cancer research --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics
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This much-needed book is the first definitive volume on Euglena in twenty-fire years, offering information on its atypical biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, and potential biotechnology applications. This volume gathers together contributions from well-known experts, who in many cases played major roles in elucidating the phenomenon discussed. Presented in three parts, the first section of this comprehensive book describes novel biochemical pathways which in some instances have an atypical subcellular localization. The second section details atypical cellular mechanisms of organelle protein import, organelle nuclear genome interdependence, gene regulation and expression that provides insights into the evolutionary origins of eukaryotic cells. The final section discusses how biotechnologists have capitalized on the novel cellular and biochemical features of Euglena to produce value added products. Euglena: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology will provide essential reading for cell and molecular biologists with interests in evolution, novel biochemical pathways, organelle biogenesis and algal biotechnology. Readers will come away from this volume with a full understanding of the complexities of the Euglena as well as new realizations regarding the diversity of cellular processes yet to be discovered. .
Molecular biology. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Life sciences. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Biochemistry. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Molecular ecology. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Molecular Ecology. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Ecology --- Molecular biology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biotechnology --- Chemical engineering --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Molecular aspects --- Composition --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cytology.
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